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The Taiwan Shinminpo News Special – Reopening Ceremony of the Taichung Railway Line in 1938

Publication date: 1 Dec 2023
Author: Lee Yi-ling, Kawashima Naoko |Staff member of the Archives of Institute of Taiwan History

The Taiwan Shinminpo was the only newspaper published by Taiwanese during the Japanese colonial era, representing the voices of the Taiwanese people in contrast to the official stance of the Taiwan Nichinichi Shinpo. Its reports covered a wide range of topics, making it a rich source for diverse research subjects.

On July 14-15, 1938, Taiwan Shinminpo published a special issue for two consecutive days titled "Celebrating the Restoration of the Taichung Line," totaling four full pages. This commemorated the reopening of the Taichung railway line, which had been severed since the 1935 Hsinchu-Taichung earthquake. This earthquake caused numerous casualties and severed north-south transportation, significantly affecting local society and economy. Through archived newspapers, diaries, photos, old documents, and maps, this article revisits the scene of the 1935 earthquake, reviewing Taiwan's most severe natural disaster in history and the subsequent reconstruction efforts.

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The Founding of the Taiwanese Association in Tokyo

The Homecoming Concert Tour was organized by the Taiwanese Association in Tokyo. At the time, the number of Taiwanese students studying in Japan exceeded 2,000. With the efforts of pioneers such as Yang Zhao-jia, the founding meeting of the Taiwanese Association was held on June 24, 1934, at the Hochi Shimbun Hall in Tokyo. The turnout exceeded expectations, and Yang Zhao-jia later recalled this as the peak of unity among Taiwanese living in Japan.

Yang Zhao-jia (1892–1976, a native of Taichung, Qingshui) was an influential figure during the Japanese colonial era, advocating for local self-governance and promoting social and cultural movements in Taiwan. He studied in Tokyo during his youth, returned to Taiwan after graduation, and served as an instructor at a public school before becoming the first Mayor of Qingshui. In 1926, he returned to Japan to study political economy at Waseda University, during which he actively participated in the movement for establishing a Taiwanese parliament. After graduating, he returned to Taiwan in 1930 and led the Taiwanese union of local autonomy. In addition to his political and social activism, Yang Zhao-jia strongly supported and sponsored art and cultural activities, believing that achievements in the arts could exert a more profound influence than political movements, inspiring the spirit and confidence of the Taiwanese people.

Figure 1: The Founding Assembly of the Tokyo Taiwanese Association on June 24, 1934
Source: Photographs Related to the Taiwanese Association, Yang Zhao-jia Collection (LJK), 1934, Digital Collection of Archives of Institute of Taiwan History, Academia Sinica.

At the founding conference of the Taiwanese Association, in addition to formally announcing the association’s bylaws and electing officers, there were musical performances and dance shows. The performers were all students who had studied in Japan, including vocal performances by Lin Cheng-mu (林澄沐) and Jiang Wen-ye, piano and violin performances of Western classical music by Gao Ci-mei, Lin Jin-sheng (林進生), and Weng Rong-mao (翁榮茂), as well as a Taiwanese song chorus (a rendition of “The Grain and Grass of Love”, translated and arranged by Zhang Wen-huan (張文煥), and a dance performance by the indigenous Takasago-zoku (高砂族). The inclusion of cultural and artistic performances at the founding conference was not only to foster camaraderie, mutual assistance, and strengthen the ties among the members of the association, but also highlighted the efforts of key figures such as Yang Zhao-jia to promote both local Taiwanese heritage and multiculturalism.

Figure 2: Program of the Founding Assembly of the Taiwanese Association
The program of the association’s founding ceremony shows that, in addition to the assembly itself, musical and dance performances were the highlights of the event.
Source: Founding Documents of the Taiwanese Association, Yang Zhao-jia Collection (LJK), 1934, Digital Collection of Archives of Institute of Taiwan History, Academia Sinica.

Figure 3: Photographs of the Entertainment Program at the Founding Assembly
Top left: Violin and other musical performances; Top right: Gao Ci-mei’s piano performance; Bottom left: Jiang Wen-ye’s solo singing; Bottom right: Takasago-zoku dance performance.
Source: Photographs Related to the Taiwanese Association, Yang Zhao-jia Collection (LJK), 1934, Digital Collection of Archives of Institute of Taiwan History, Academia Sinica.

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